The primary limitation of standard gingivectomy, however, is that it requires the cut gingival tissues to heal by second intention. Standard gingivectomyĪ standard gingivectomy is typically considered be the fastest, easiest technique for gingivectomy. The goal of gingivectomy is to restore the normal sulcus depth and gingival contour.
Gingival hyperplasia is treated with gingivectomy, a surgical procedure in which excess gingival tissue is removed. What treatments are available for gingival hyperplasia? In many cases, gingival hyperplasia will mask significant dental disease that may require extractions. This is necessary to assess the health of the teeth and jaw. Whole-mouth dental radiographs should be performed on all pets receiving treatment for gingival hyperplasia. In this case, submitting samples for histopathology confirms the diagnosis and ensures that no additional treatment is required. In many cases, the suspicion for gingival hyperplasia is strong enough that treatment is performed concurrently with histopathology sample collection. Histopathology is the only way to distinguish gingival hyperplasia from other neoplastic and non-neoplastic oral proliferative diseases. The gingival cells are fundamentally normal, with the exception of inflammation and potential dystrophic mineralization. This is in contrast to gingival overgrowth, in which gingival cells become enlarged without increasing in number. In gingival hyperplasia, the abnormal gingival proliferation is due to an increase in the number of gingival cells. While gingival hyperplasia is often suspected based on clinical appearance and patient signalment, true diagnosis requires histopathology. The mechanism by which these medications cause gingival hyperplasia is not fully understood, but in most cases drug-induced gingival hyperplasia resolves when the medication is discontinued. These medications include cyclosporine, amplodipine and other calcium channel blockers, and phenytoin derivatives. Gingival hyperplasia has also been associated with the use of certain medications. This foreign material further contributes to inflammation, worsening the gingival hyperplasia in a vicious cycle. As this pocket develops, increased quantities of food, debris, hair, bacteria, and other substances become trapped in it. This leads to the formation of a periodontal pocket. The body responds by producing excess collagen, causing changes that lead the gum tissue to resemble scar tissue.Īs the gingiva becomes increasingly hyperplastic, the gingival sulcus depth increases. In most cases, this chronic inflammation is triggered by the presence of dental calculus. Gingival hyperplasia is a proliferation of gum tissue that occurs secondary to chronic inflammation. These lesions may only affect a single tooth, or a focal area of a single tooth. In other cases, gingival hyperplasia is focal. In severe cases, the lesions extend all the way to the palate.
Gingival hyperplasia may be generalized, involving the entire mouth. In some cases, owners are unaware of gingival hyperplasia until it is detected during a routine veterinary exam. Owners may notice pain or discomfort at home, depending on the severity of the lesions. Patients with gingival hyperplasia typically present for enlarged, inflamed gums. While Boxers may be the first breed to come to mind when thinking of gingival hyperplasia, other breeds such as Bulldogs, Cocker Spaniels, Collies, Great Danes, Dalmatians, and Dobermans are also predisposed to this condition.
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